A vintage leather motorcycle helmet with a wing shape on the front is displayed on a table surrounded by black and white archival photos of riders.

HELMETS THROUGH HISTORY

Written by The Harley-Davidson Museum

Photos by Josh Kurpius Archival photos courtesy of H-D Museum

For much of their history, motorcycle helmets have been as much about self-expression as protection—and the earliest helmets didn’t provide much of the latter.

Back when football players wore soft leather helmets, motorcycles were just starting to dot the American countryside and city streets. Speeds were lower and there was no traffic density. Those first motorcycle “helmets” were made of thin leather or cloth, and primarily succeeded in keeping the wearer’s hair in place.

A vintage leather motorcycle helmet with a script Rawlings logo stamped on the front is displayed on a table surrounded by black and white archival photos.

Through the 1910s, several different and distinct headwear items could be purchased from the Harley-Davidson Accessories catalog, each with a different purpose. Among them were the "Heather Jumbo Knit Cap" (75 cents), the "Aeroplane Cap" ($1.50), as well as a unique piece called the "Tourist Hood" ($2.50), an item meant for "cross country driving and fast traveling" that was to keep dust and dirt out of one's hair.

For many of the early years, fur-lined soft helmets were offered for cold weather riding, and a version of a leather football-style helmet was sold, though they were mostly used by racers.

  • A scan of a spread from a 1910’s era Harley-Davidson catalog showing helmets and headwear with descriptions and pricing.
  • A photo of an ad from the 1910s for Harley-Davidson summer helmets with the headline “Your gypsy tour pleasure”.

Some of the "helmets" that became popular with riders in the 1930s and 40s were little more than satin skullcaps that were stylishly colored and patterned, with the tried and true Bar & Shield logo on the front. And, of course, there was the classic motorcycle cap that became synonymous with riders, the kind that Marlon Brando wore in "The Wild One." Caps of that style were available for many years from Harley-Davidson ("Classy Caps" in the 1937 accessory catalog), and later versions were available with the "winged wheel" logo, winged Bar & Shield and many other emblems.

A museum archivist holds a vintage red and gold satin motorcycle helmet with winged Harley-Davidson logo on the front.
A museum archivist holds a vintage leather motorcycle helmet with Harley-Davidson bar and shield logo embroidered on the front.
A museum archivist holds a vintage textured leather motorcycle helmet with a fur lined visor.
A museum archivist holds a vintage leather aviation style motorcycle helmet.
A museum archivist holds a vintage white canvas motorcycle helmet with a winged wheel emblem embroidered on the front.

BY THE 1950S AND ‘60S, HELMETS AS WE THINK OF THEM TODAY WERE TAKING SHAPE, FIRMLY ESTABLISHED AS SAFETY GEAR. BY 1971, MULTIPLE COLORS WERE OFFERED, BUT THE STYLES REMAINED LIMITED. TODAY, THE VARIETY CAN FEEL ALMOST LIMITLESS.

  • Scan of the cover of a Harley-Davidson 1958 accessory catalog showing male and female riders with white plastic safety helmets.
  • Scan of vintage holiday ad for Harley-Davidson white plastic safety helmets.

By the 1950s and ’60s, helmets as we think of them today were taking shape, firmly established as safety gear. In the first years that Harley-Davidson offered a hard-shell helmet, two of three total choices were aimed specifically at police officers and racers; H-D catalogs the gear was often called “safety helmets.”

  • Photo of an archival black and white image of a smiling rider wearing a helmet with a lion insignia on the front.
  • Photo of an archival black and white image of a rider wearing a checkered helmet, goggles, and face covering.

For the next 13 years, self-expression took a back seat to safety: all H-D helmets came in white. By 1971, multiple colors were offered, but the styles remained limited. Today, the variety can feel almost limitless, especially when you consider the role that custom designs and personal style play. But even in the past, color, pattern, patches and other customizations were applied to headwear to stand out—whether to aid with identification on the race track, demanding attention in a crowd, or simply letting people know a little about who you are. From H-D produced gear to truly custom creations, helmets and their early predecessors are an eye-catching part of the Harley-Davidson Archives.

A vintage black plastic motorcycle helmet with a visor, Harley-Davidson #1 hand painted over the ear, and red and white racing stripes going from front to back.
A vintage black plastic motorcycle helmet with a visor and red and white racing stripes next to Harley-Davidson Cruiser safety helmet cardboard box packaging.
A vintage black plastic motorcycle helmet with a large H.O.G. Harley Owners Group eagle and banner logo sticker on top.
A vintage black plastic motorcycle helmet with a build in white visor, winged wheel graphic, and golden arrow pointing forward.

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